To create a professional document, entities need to be arranged and sized just right. To help you do that, LayOut includes several tools and features, including a grid, inference cues, and an Arrange menu. When you select an entity, its bounding box has tools for moving, rotating, and scaling the entity, or you can use the keyboard or the Measurements box to enter precise changes. See the following sections for details about nudging your entities into the right position.
Red X: The point where a line, arc, or curve, intersects another line, arc, or curve: On Shape: Blue diamond: A point on a shape: On Line: Red square: A point along a line or curve: On Axis: Dashed line in the corresponding axis color (red or green) Alignment with one of the drawing axes: From Point: Dashed line in the corresponding axis color (red or green). Mac OS X creates metadata files as and when files are saved to the hard drive. These metadata files can also be viewed further giving malicious actors the extra edge. It is recommended that Mac OS X users disable creation of Metadata Files to further boost the privacy levels.
Tip: To cancel a move, rotation, or scale in progress, press the Esc key.
Table of Contents
Sticking to a grid
Remember when you had to align things the old-fashioned way? On graph paper? Turns out, grids are handy on-screen, too, and LayOut has a grid that you can toggle on or off to line up your entities. To see the grid, select View > Show Grid. When the grid is displayed, select View > Hide Grid to make it disappear. When you context-click a blank space in the drawing area, a context menu appears with the same commands for toggling the grid’s display.
Tip: If you want entities to snap to the grid, select Arrange > Grid Snap Off and you toggle on the grid-snapping feature.
To customize the grid’s appearance and spacing, follow these steps:
- Select File > Document Setup.
- In the Document Setup dialog box that appears, select Grid in the sidebar on the left.
- Select the Show Grid checkbox to display the grid and see a preview of your selected options. (Deselecting the checkbox hides the grid.)
- (Optional) Select Lines to see major and minor lines or Points to see major and minor points.
- (Optional) To see thicker lines at a specific interval, leave the Major Grid checkbox selected. You can then enter a value for the spacing of the major lines and select a color by clicking the color well.
- (Optional) To see thin lines within the major lines, leave the Minor Grid checkbox selected. You can select how many subdivisions appear between the major grid lines and click the color well to customize the line color.
- (Optional) In the Options area, selecting the Draw Grid on Top checkbox displays the grid over all the elements in the drawing area. If your document displays margins (select the Margins checkbox on the Document Setup Paper pane), then selecting the Clip Grid to Margins checkbox stops the grid at the margins, so they are blank.
Tip: If you print your document and would like the grid to appear in your printout, select the Print Grid checkbox. See Exporting or Printing Your LayOut Project for details about printing.
Looking for inference cues
You may recognize LayOut’s on-screen inference cues from SketchUp. An inference cue is a little on-screen prompt that highlights geometrically significant relationships. You see a point inference (little colored dots with a ScreenTip) or a line inference (dashed, colored lines) when your mouse pointer hovers over one of these important areas. The inferences are there to help you draw or arrange your document elements so they line up neatly.
The following table outlines the point and line inferences you see in LayOut.
Inference | What It Looks Like | What It Identifies |
---|---|---|
On Point | Green circle | The end point of a entity |
Midpoint | Blue circle | The middle point on a line |
Intersection | Red X | The point where a line, arc, or curve, intersects another line, arc, or curve |
On Shape | Blue diamond | A point on a shape |
On Line | Red square | A point along a line or curve |
On Axis | Dashed line in the corresponding axis color (red or green) | Alignment with one of the drawing axes |
From Point | Dashed line in the corresponding axis color (red or green) | Alignment from a point along a drawing axis direction |
Perpendicular | Dashed magenta line | Perpendicular alignment to a line |
Parallel | Dashed magenta line | Parallel alignment to a line |
Arranging the stacking order
You can arrange how entities are stacked on top of each other using commands on the Arrange menu or by context-clicking an element an selecting a command on the context menu that appears (actually, the Arrange submenu, as shown in the following figure). Here’s a quick look at the commands:
- Bring to Front moves selected entities on top of all other entities.
- Bring Forward moves selected entities closer to the top of the stack.
- Send Backward moves selected entities closer to the bottom of the stack.
- Send to Back places the selected entities at the bottom of the stack. In the figure, the yellow triangle belongs behind all the text, so Send to Back is selected.
Aligning and spacing entities
When you need to align or evenly space elements on the page, LayOut’s Arrange menu can help. Here’s an overview of your options:
- To align two or more selected elements along an edge of the drawing area, select Arrange > Align and then select Left, Right, Top, or Bottom, which aligns your elements along whichever side of the page you select, using the farthest item as a guide. For example, if you select Arrange > Align > Left, all the selected entities align with the left-most entity in your selection.
- To align two or more selected elements vertically or horizontally, select Arrange > Align and then select Vertically or Horizontally from the submenu that appears.
- To center two or more selected elements, select Arrange > Center and then choose Vertically on Page or Horizontally on Page from the submenu.
- To evenly space three or more selected elements, choose Arrange > Space and then select Vertically or Horizontally.
In the following figure, the three labels are aligned to the left and spaced evenly along the vertical axis.
Flipping entities
Unlike pancakes, you can easily flip LayOut entities no matter how big they are. Simply select the entities you want to flip. Then select Arrange > Flip and choose Top to Bottom or Left to Right. In the following figure, both the SketchUp model entity and the dimension are selected (left) and then flipped from top to bottom (right).
Moving elements around the drawing area
You can move elements around the drawing area in a few different ways. No matter which method you choose, moving elements is easy on your back and doesn’t damage them at all.
Note: Moving elements in LayOut will let you see a highlight of the movement, allowing you to inference off of the original element.
- Click and drag. With the Select tool (), you can drag selected elements around the drawing area. Hover the Select tool cursor over your element until you see the Move cursor. Then click and drag the selection. Release the mouse button to place the elements and finish the move.
- Give it a nudge. If you just want to nudge a selection 1 point at a time (a point is 1/72 of an inch), press any arrow key to move the selection. If you hold down the Shift key and then press an arrow key, the selection moves by 10 points.
- Move precisely. To move your selection to a precise location, use the Measurements box. Remember that the Measurements box becomes active after any valid operation, so you don’t need to click in the box before you type a value. After you move an entity, you can type a length (such as 15pt) or coordinate value in the Measurements box and press Enter, which moves your selection to a precise location. The following table explains the types of coordinate values that the Measurements box accepts.
Coordinate Type | How It Works | Example |
---|---|---|
Absolute | Values are measured from the upper left of the drawing area. The first value is the X, or red, axis. The second value is the Y, or green, axis. | [5',8'] |
Relative | Values are relative to the move’s starting point. | 3,0 |
Polar | The first value is an angle, measured counter-clockwise from the positive X axis. The second value is the number of default units from the move’s starting point. | ^45,2' |
Tip: When Object Snap is enabled (check its status on the Arrange menu), an entity will display inference cues and snap to other entities as you move it around the drawing area. The entity’s center grip, which looks like a blue crosshair, controls what part of an entity snaps to other objects. By default, the center grip appears in the center of the entity’s selection box, but you can move the grip anywhere you like. Hover the Select tool cursor over the grip until it turns into a hand cursor. Then click and drag the grip to a new location. For example, in the following figure, say you want the text box to snap to other objects based on the lower-left corner of the M. Dragging the grip to that location, as shown in the figure, tells LayOut that’s where you want the text box to snap to other objects. To return the center grip to the center of the entity, deselect and then reselect the entity.
Rotating entities
The selection box’s rotation grip enables you to spin elements around. The rotation grip looks like a blue handle off the center grip’s crosshair. When you need to rotate an entity in the drawing area, follow these steps:
- With the Select tool (), select one or more entities that you want to rotate.
- (Optional) To change the center of rotation (by default, it’s at the center of the selection box), click and drag the center grip to a new location. See the Tip in the preceding section for details about moving the center grip.
- Hover the cursor over the rotation grip until the rotate cursor appears.
- Click and drag the rotation grip, as shown in the following figure. If you hold down the Ctrl key (Microsoft Windows) or the Option key (Mac OS X) as you drag, you create rotated copies of the selection.
- Release the mouse button to complete the rotate operation.
- Until you select another tool or start another operation, you can type a value into the Measurements box to set a precise rotation angle. For example, type 30 and press Enter to rotate the selection counter-clockwise by 30 degrees.
Changing the scale
To change an entity’s scale in the drawing area, select the entity with the Select tool (), and click and drag any scale grip on the bounding box. As you drag a grip, the scale amount appears in the X and Y directions. While scaling you’ll still see the element as it originally existed so you can compare it to results of the scaling operation dynamically.
Tip: You can use a few different modifier keys as you scale an entity:- To maintain the aspect ratio as you scale an entity, hold down the Shift key.
- To create a scaled copy of the original entity, hold down the Ctrl key (Microsoft Windows) or the Option key (Mac OS X).
- To scale an entity from the center grip, hold down the Alt key (Microsoft Windows) or the Command key (Mac OS X).
Note: For details about setting a model scale for a SketchUp model entity (as opposed to the entity’s size on the page), see Editing a SketchUp Model’s View and Style Settings in LayOut.
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Entity Relationship Model
One of the most popular semantic data models is the 'entity-relationship' model (often called ER-model). Most of the modern approaches to the database (mainly relational) design are based on the usage of different versions of ER- model. The model was proposed by Peter Chen in 1976. Domain modeling is based on the use of graphic charts, including a small number of heterogeneous components. The simplicity and the presentation clarity of the conceptual basis of these ER-model schemes led to its widespread deployment in the CASE-systems that support automatic design of relational databases.
The basic concepts of ER-models are the entity, the relation and attribute. An entity is a real or abstract object, information about which should be kept and be available. The entity in an ER-model diagram is represented by a rectangle containing the name of the entity. In this case, the name of the entity is not a particular instance of this entity, but a label for the whole entity. Although it would be more correct to use such terms as ‘an entity type’ and ‘an instance of the entity type’ to avoid verbosity, in cases where it does not lead to ambiguity, the term “entity” is used in the meaning of the entity type. For instance, let’s think of an entity named “airport”. In this case, “airport” is the entity type, and “Heathrow” or “Charles de Gaulle” are the instances of this entity.
A relation is a graphically depicted association between two entities. As well as the entity, a relation is a typical concept, all instances of the linked entity types are subject to the rules established by the connecting. Therefore, it is more correct to speak about the relationship type made between types of entities and about the instances of relationship types made between instances of the entity type. In common ER-model this association is always binary and can exist between two different entity types or can be recursive.
Design elements Peter Chen and Crow's Foot notation
ConceptDraw DIAGRAM is a famous Entity Relationship Diagram software for MacOS which gives the ability to describe visually the databases using the Chen’s notation icons and Crow’s Foot notation icons for drawing ER diagram (ERD).
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Example 1. Entity Relationship Diagram Software for Mac
ConceptDraw DIAGRAM was developed especially for a reason of providing the convenience for macOS operating system, designed and created especially for Mac users. The difference between this application, comparing to the other Visio alternatives, which are also suitable for Mac, is that it offers to use the pre-made solutions, available both on this site and in another application, developed by the CS Odessa team of IT specialists — ConceptDraw STORE. Having ConceptDraw DIAGRAM drawing software means having an opportunity to create great looking as well as smart ERD diagrams, as this application provides all of the necessary tools to have the drawings done within only a couple of hours or even minutes, depending on how familiar you are already with this software. Operator overload mac os.
Thus, once you have to create some ER-model, showing the entities, the relations between them as well as the attributes, then the best option for such drawings would be using ConceptDraw DIAGRAM which is very popular among software engineers being used for different purposes. Downloading this Entity Relationship Diagram software for Mac OSX allows you to describe any needed databases visually using the Chen’s notation icons as well as Crow’s Foot one’s icons in order to create the very professionally looking ER diagrams (ERDs) as this is a very good alternative of MS Visio for Mac.
Example 2. ERD Symbols — Chen's Notation
The Entity-Relationship Diagram (ERD) solution can be downloaded from this site or from ConceptDraw STORE application, enabling you to use both stencil libraries containing all together 45 vector graphic symbols, which will be useful in creating the needed ER diagram. Get it today to have the smart looking result already by tomorrow.
Example 3. Entity Relationship Diagrams solution
Use unique ConceptDraw DIAGRAM diagramming and vector drawing software enhanced with Entity-Relationship Diagram (ERD) solution to draw ER diagrams using Chen's or Crow's Foot notations on your Macintosh computers. Perfect octave mac os.
No other Entity Relationship Diagrams software gives you all this:
- Design and document using a wide range of pre-drawn erd shapes and smart connectors.
- Great value for the money, only $199 dollars.
- Free technology support.
- Free examples and built-in templates to help you draw entity relationship diagrams rapidly.
NINE RELATED HOW TO's:
Design Element: Chen for Entity Relationship Diagram - ERD →
It is very difficult to get into database model idea without any examples. To create one, you can use Chen’s notation for Entity Relationship Diagrams (ERD) and try to see all the peculiarities yourself. This notation describes entities and relations as basic geometric shapes like rectangles and diamonds. Chen notation for Entity-relationship diagrams is used for designing relational databases. It depicts the database entities as a set of subjects. For example events, people, ideas, etc. All entities has common characteristics (attributes). Any object of the system is identified as the sole and unique. The name of entity should indicate the class or type of the the whole object, not a given example. The connection commonly represents a relationship between entities. Conceptdraw Entity-Relationship Diagrams (ERD) solution provides the libraries with ready-to-use ERD element fitting Chen's notation objects and relationships.for Entity Relationship Diagram - ERD *'>Picture: Design Element: Chen for Entity Relationship Diagram - ERD
Block Diagram Software →
The popularity of Block Diagrams grows day by day. The existence of powerful software for their design is an excellent news! ConceptDraw DIAGRAM Block Diagram Software offers the Block Diagrams Solution from the 'Diagrams' Area.Related Solution:
Flowchart Maker →
A flowchart maker is a software showing the interaction, sequence or organization. It also known as flowchart maker or ConceptDraw DIAGRAM standard supplied with different types of symbol collections: standard symbols, branded set and authored. It used strictly for enhancing scientific or business documents with abstract explanatory pictures. Business graphic applications show a special knowledge representations and include many features for creating schematic pictures. These graphic tools are known as flowchart maker or flowchart maker software.Related Solution:
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How To use Switches in Network Diagram →
Special libraries of highly detailed, accurate shapes and computer graphics, servers, hubs, switches, printers, mainframes, face plates, routers etc. Use ConceptDraw DIAGRAM with Computer & Networks solution for drawing LAN and WAN topology and configuration diagrams, Cisco network diagrams, network wiring schemes and floor plan layouts.Related Solution:
Fully Connected Network Topology Diagram →
There are several basic topologies including bus, star, point-to-point, ring and a hybrid. Two computers can form a fully connected network topology, and as the number of network nodes increases, the network diagram gets more complicated. This type of topology is also called a full mesh. This is a visual example of a computer network built using a mesh topology. This diagram presents the schematic structure of the full mesh network topology. A common mesh network topology means that each network device is connected with several points in the network, so if the one node of the network goes down, it does not cause an issue with an operability of the entire computer network. In a full mesh network topology, every computer or device in the network is interconnected with each of the other devices in the network.Related Solution:
Entity Relationship Diagram Examples →
ConceptDraw DIAGRAM diagramming and vector drawing software offers the Entity-Relationship Diagram (ERD) Solution from the Software Development Area for ConceptDraw Solution Park. How many examples contains the Entity-Relationship Diagram (ERD) Solution! All Entity Relationship Diagram examples were designed and saved for ConceptDraw DIAGRAM users. Now they are available from ConceptDraw STORE.![Red Entity Mac OS Red Entity Mac OS](https://iyalovoi.files.wordpress.com/2015/04/keep-calm-and-carry-on-264569.png)
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Symboles Organigramme →
Les organigrammes sont parfaits pour représenter visuellement des processus operationnels. Par exemple, si vous avez besoin d'afficher le flux d'un processus d'ordre personnalisé par l'entremise de divers opérateurs au sein de votre organisation, vous pouvez utiliser un organigramme. Voir aussi d'autres symboles organigramme: Symboles ordinogramme standard, symboles du flux de travail, Vérification Les symboles du schéma fonctionnel, sOrganigramme comptables des symboles, Organigramme de vente des symboles, Symboles pour organigramme des RH, Carte des symboles de processus, Diagramme de processus opérationnels, Symboles utilisés dans le schéma IDEF0.Red Entity Mac Os 11
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